FAT in Trans	Frequently Appeared Terms in translation Japanese-English ambiguous & misunderstanding terms	Cat: LAN Pub: 2015 #: 1500a
	Kanzo Kobayashi	UP 13425/18925r

Pinyin	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Why	Definition and correspondence in any term between foreign languages differs, or misuderstanding. Here is the list of typical ones.	外国語では、用語の定義や対応が異なる。以下はその典型的な例である。

Japanese	English	Remarks
>Top <A>: あいまい, aimai 曖昧母音 アンケート調査, ankeito	<A>: fuzzy; ambiguous; vague; unclear; blur (blurred) schwa; a questionnaire (and survey)	<A>: 暧昧 àimèi 母音 mǔyīn 调查表 diàochá; <enquête
>Top <B>: 場合によって, baainiyotte 馬鹿だ bakada 便秘, benpi 別段の定めなき限り 部品メーカ, buhin 文脈, bunmyaku 物々交換, butsubutsu kokan	<B>: depending on the situation; in some cases; as the case may be; Do you take me for a fool? constipation; ⇔diarrhea excep as expressly provided otherwise in an agreement between A and B, component manufacturer; parts manufacturer context (& tone/characteristics); in an international/historical/local context; context-sensitive grammar; context-free bartering/barter; exchange of information;	<B>: 情况 qíngkuàng 被人欺负 bèirén qīfu 便秘 biànmì; ⇔泻xiè あ 零件 língjiàn 上下文 shàngxiàwén 以货换货 yǐhuò huànhuò
>Top <C>: 鎮魂, chinkon 超常現象, chojou 直面, chokumen 中継地点, chuukei 中空, chuukuu 注目を受ける, chuumoku 中央集権, chuuou 注目を浴びるchuumoku 注力, chuuryoku 中心のない, chuusin 中枢神経, chuusuu コンシェルジェ, concierge	<C> repose of souls; requiescat (requiem); supernatural phenomenon; anomalous; (dubious) paranormal encounter/face  big problems; extend/affect way-stop; way station; interchange hollow (structure); hollow interior style; polytheistical; mild-Yankee; deserve/draw/receive/garner (more) attention; be attracted;  earn critical acclaim; attention is focussed; concentrate on centralized authoritarian rule; hold court; be the center of attention; She was holding court in the dressing room. focus (its efforts) on; commit to; inject resources intensively; unicentric; acentric; non-centrosymmetric structure; central nervous system (diseases) concierge; not one of concierges, but the concierge	<C> 超自然 chāozìrán 超常 chāocháng 直面 zhímiàn; 面对 miànduì 中继 zhōngjì; 交换 jiāohuàn; 中空 zhōngkōng; 空心 kōngxīn 注目 zhùmù; 聚焦 jùjiāo 中央集权 zhōngyāng jíquán 引人注目yǐnrén zhùmù 集中 jízhōng; a 中枢神经 zhōngshū shénjīng a
>Top <D>: 第一印象 daiichi 土台, dodai こうしたらどうか douka 動向, doukou 導入, dounyu 洞察力, dousatsu	<D>: at/on (the) first blush builf from the ground up. I'll tell you what. (current/recent/market/global/demand) trend (for); tendency; (price) movements; attitude; fluctuations; diffusion index (DI) introduce ... to; bring ... in/into; launch; establish; found (political) acumen; deep/profound/consumer/business insight; in/into (strategy); foresight; insightfulness	<D>: 第一印象 dìyī yìnxiàng 地基dìjī; 基础jīchǔ 是否 shìfǒu 趋势 qūshì; 倾向 qīngxiàng 引进 yǐnjìn; 推新 tuīxín 洞察 dòngchá; 洞悉 dòngxī
>Top <E>: 絵文字, emoji エクイティ, equity 絵空事 esoragoto	<E>: pictograph; pictogram in equity; Cf. at law, at Common Law mumbo jumbo;	<E>: 象形文字 xiàngxíng wénzì a 空谈 kōngtán
>Top <F>: 不実の, fujitsu 付加価値, fukakachi 複眼的思考, fukugan 膨らむ, fukuramu 腑に落ちる, funiochiru 負の連鎖 振り込め詐欺, furikome 不慮の事故 furyo 不整合, fuseigou 不徹底, futettei 付随的 fuzuiteki	<F>: unfaithful; perfidious; insincere; wrongful; misleading; misrepresentation value-added; add (high) value; compound eyes; multifaceted way; multiple angles/visual lines; various perspectives; complex approach; free switches of thinking differently; become inflated, inflate; swell; expand; rise in expenses; expectations will grow; make sense; any hiccup, any shock may put it into recession negative feedback; fall into a vicious cycle; negative association; billing fraud; bank transfer scam hiccup, contingency; inconsequence; inconsistency; mismatch; misalignment; disconformity; insufficiency; not through; lack of adherence; low coverage collateral; additional but subordinate	<F>: 负心 fùxīn a a a 膨大 péngdà; 膨胀 péngzhàng a a 飞灾 fēizāi 不整齐 bùzhěngqí; 整合 zhěnghé 不充足 bùchōngzú 付带 fùdài
>Top <G>: 癌・泌尿器, gan ギャップ, gappu 現場主義, genba 愚弄する gurou 業務特化, gyoumu	<G>: oncology & urological diseases (incl. gynecology) narrow/bridge/fill the gap between; difference; diversity; professional services specific to; focussed on; first line; bottom-up approach; on-the-spot decision-making; real working place; travesty; represent in a false, absurd, or distorted way. specialization; specializing in ... management; dedicated to;	<G>: a 差异 chāyì 愚弄 yúnòng 专攻 zhuāngōng
>Top <H>: 発見力, hakken 反骨精神, hankotsu 年平均成長率, heikin 比較して, hikaku 非差別的, hisabetsu 火に油, hiniabura 皮肉, hiniku 必須の, hissu 解く, 緩める hodoku 本人確認, honnin 欲しいもの, hoshii 表面仕上げ	<H>: discoverability; problem-solving capability; a spirit of defiance; CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) be compared to; in comparison with; put it in perspective; comparatively speaking; non-discriminatory terms; (add) fuel to the fire; fuel fire; stir things up; ironically; paradoxically; cynically; sarcastic; satirical required; indispensable; essential; mandatory; compulsory undo; could you undo my zip? identity verification/proofing; really wanted; anything/everything one want; accurately find what they want; surface-finish	<H>: a 反抗 fǎnkàng 成长 chéngzhǎng; 增长 zēngzhǎng 比较 bǐjiào; 比照 bǐzhào a 火上加(浇)油 huǒshàng jiā(jiāo)yóu 反语 fănyǔ; 讽刺 fěngcì 必需 bìxū; 必要 bìyào 解开 jiěkāi a a a
>Top < I >: 位置づける, ichizuke 意外な, igai 違法流用; ihou いい気味 iikimi 意見の相違 iken 粋, iki; 数寄 イニシアティブ, initiative 依存, izon	< I >: position; be regarded as; consider; surprising; undreamed-of; unexpected; unthought-of; unlikely illicit diversion; gloat over one's rival's misfortune. even best friends can have their differences. smart; chic; flair; cool; refined taste; aesthetic; take the initiative; dependent/dependence on;	< I >: 位置 wèizhi 意外 yìwài 非法 fēifă; 称愿 chènyuàn 见解不同 jiànjiě bùtóng 风流 fēngliú 主动性 zhǔdòngxìng 依靠 yīkào
>Top < J >: 人員削減, jin'insakugen 人件費, jinken 自律分散, jiritsubunsan 自社開発, jisha 実践力, jissen 実証, jisshou 自動検証, jidoukenshou 自動生成, jidouseisei 実現, jitsugen 循環論法, junkan 重厚長大, juukouchoudai 重視, juushi	< J >: personnel reduction; personnel/payroll cost/expenses; labor cost; autonomous decentralized; symbiosis-autonomous decentralized; self-development; in-house; internal practical abilities; skills; approaches; site of practice (実践の場) demonstrate; experiment; test; proof; prototype automatic verification/varidation/debugging; automated tests; automatic generation/creation; auto-generate; realize; materialize; come true; make it happen; fullfill; acommplish; effectuate; take shape; attain; give effect to; go through; crystalize; circular argument; vicious circle heavy, thick, long, & big; massive and heavy strong focus; attention is paid; with emphasis/priority/focus on;	< J >: 人事费 rénshìfèi; 工价 gōngjià 自律分散 zìlǜ fēnsàn 自力更生 zìlì gēngshēng 实践 shíjiàn; 证实 zhèngshí 验证yànzhèng a 实现 shíxiàn; 成行 chéngxíng; 成真 chéngzhēn 循环 xúnhuán; 论法 lùnfă 庄重 zhuāngzhòng; 厚重hòuzhòng 重视 zhòngshì; 重要性 zhòngyàoxìng
>Top <K>: 課題, kadai 介護, kaigo 抱える, kakaeru 掛け売買取引 kakeuri 格差 kakusa 覚醒剤, kakusei 架空請求, kakuu 感冒, kanbou 環世界, kansekai 契機に, keiki 啓蒙, keimou 切れる, kireru 賢明, kenmei 謙遜, kenson 規模の経済, kibo no 聞いたことがない, kiitakoto 企業立地, kigyou 決めつける, kimetsukeru 機能, kinou 既得権, kitokuken こだわり, kodawari 個人利用, kojinriyo 公序良俗, koujo 効果, kouka 工数, kousuu 蜘蛛の巣 kumonosu 覆す, kutsugaesu 共感, kyoukan	<K>: (management) issue; problem; challenge; question; theme; care; nursing care; caregiving; bear/carry a lot of problems open account transaction financial disparity abuse of stimulant/illegal drugs; hallucinogens; fraud based on demanding payment for false claims influenza flu; cold Umwelt (<G. environment); self-centered world by this momentum; taking into account; in the context of; spurred by; enlightening; educational activities; implement education; awareness-raising activities; be annoyed with; gets on my nerves; be frustrated with; be edgy; drive me crazy; irritates me; be crabby; smarter; intelligent; wise; humility, modesty; economics of scale; haver never heard of/about; didn't think so; regional industrial clusters; attract/lure investment in arbitrarily decide; shouldn't assume; attribute ... to; force negative one-sided opinion on; label ... as; fulfil/play the function/role; facility; feature; serve as (catalyst/benchmark/specific function) vested interests/rights sense of detail & fun; passion for improving: adherence to; sticking to; persistency private use/utilization; non-commercial use; public order & morals; effect; effectiveness; result; efficacy man hours; work-hour; labor time; cobweb; old & dusty spider's web override; share one's thoughts; empathize with; empathy for; sense of resonance; resonate with; empathize with; feel sympathy for	<K>: 课题 kètí 照护 zhàohù a a a a 虚构 xūgòu; 请求 qǐngqiú 感冒 gǎnmào; a 契机 qìjī 启蒙 qǐméng 心烦 xīnfán, 贤明 xiánmíng; 聪明 cōngming 谦逊 qiānxùn 规模 guīmó; 经济jīngjì a 企业 qǐyè; 立地 lìdì 功能 gōngnéng; 职责 zhízé 既得利益 jìdélìyì 执著 zhízhuó a 伤风败俗 shāngfēng bàisú 功力 gōnglì 工时 gōngshí a 蜘蛛网 zhīzhū wǎng 共鸣 gòngmíng; 同感 tónggăn
>Top <L>:	<L>:	<L>:
>Top <M>: 間違ってmachgatte; 不首尾 前向き, maemuki 真逆, magyaku 慢性, mansei 先ずは, mazu 明示的にも暗示的にも, meijiteki メリハリ, merihari 芽を摘む mewo 見掛け倒し mikakedaoshi 密売, mitsubai 密輸入, mitsuyunyu 問題提起, mondai 脆い家 moroi 無分別, mufunbetsu	<M>: The schemes went awry.; judge amiss (concrete &) positive for; forward-looking; proactive; prospective; look farther ahead; positive attitude/outlook/view/practices; progressive; just/completely the opposite; different; the other end of the spectrum; exact opposite; by no means; chronic ↔ acute; first; express or limplied, including, but not limited to, clear; lively; unambiguous; explicit; balanced; fair-and-well-balanced; well-modulated nip in the bud; nip a cold in the bud. shoddy; lacking moral principle trafficking; smuggling; raise/pose a question/problem; discover/raise issues like a house of cards that is ready to collapse. indiscretion; thoughtlessness; recklessness; carelessness;	<M>: 不对 bùduì 积极 jījí; 远见 yuǎnjiàn a 慢性 mànxìng;急性 jíxìng 第一的 dì-yī a 一板一眼的 yìbăn yìyăn de 防微杜渐fángwēi dùjiàn 空头 kōngtóu 私卖 sīmài; 私贩 sīfàn 走私进口 zǒusī jìnkǒu 提起问题 tíqǐ wèntí 脆弱 cuìruò 盲动 mángdòng
>Top <N>: 何が起ころうとnani 何となく nantonaku 日常化, nichijoka 二枚舌, nimaijita にも拘わらず, nimo 認知する ninchi 認知度向上, ninchido 忍耐, nintai	<N>: come what may; no matter what happens; we will not submit to this law. something tells me that he doen't like her. become an everyday affair; become more routine; two diplomatic tongue; be double-tongued(-faced); double-dealing;duplicity; equivocation; in spite of; tough; for all; disregarding; classify as; place place; identify; He couldn't place me. enhance/increase/improve the recognition; brand recognition; differentiate the brand; improve/raise awareness; patience; with perseverance; endurance to; tenacious attention;	<N>: a 总觉得 zǒng juéde a a 虽然...但是 suīrán...dànshì 认知 rènzhī a 忍耐 rěnnài; 耐心 nàixīn;
>Top <O>: オレオレ詐欺, oreore 押さえておく osaeteoku 男らしい, otoko	<O>: type of fraud involving phone calls pretending distress make no mistake, mannish closing; Cf: manly sports; womanly skill; womanish shrillness,	<O>: 欺骗 qīpiàn 扼要 èyào a
>Top <P>:	<P>:	<P>:
>Top <Q>:	<Q>:	<Q>:
>Top <R>: 霊性 reisei 歴史的使命 rekishiteki 理念, rinen リスク分散, risk 率の経営, ritsu 利用, riyou 労働集約的, roudou 類型, ruikei xx力, ryoku 量的緩和, ryoteki 流行 ryukou	<R>: spirituality; divine nature; historical run/abbeys/character/mission/responsibility; (corporate/management) philosophy (and will); mission; statement; ( corporate) vision; conception dispersion/diversification of risk Ratio management; use; utilize; make good use of; apply; turn to advantage; labor-intensive (operation); typology; strength; power; QE, quantitative easing; in-thing;	<R>: 灵魂 línghún 经营理念 jīngyíng lǐniàn 分散风险 fēnsàn fēngxiǎn 比率 bǐlǜ; 经营 jīngyíng 利用 lìyòng 劳动密集型 láodòng mìjíxíng 类型 lèixín a 缓和 huănhé 流行 liúxíng; 风行 fēngxíng
>Top <S>: 詐欺, sagi 再認識, saininshiki 最適な, saiteki 妨げ samatage 三本柱, sanbon 差止命令 成長エンジン, seichou 精鋭チーム, seiei 成果ベース, seika 正確に, seikakuni 生活習慣, seikatsu 成功への道, seikou 生産革命, seisan 制定法, seiteihou 選択と集中, sentaku 窃盗, settou 社内研修, shanai 先例拘束性 仕上げ, shiage 資本, shihon 史上最高, shijou 親権, shinken 潮目, shiome 視野に, shiyani 職権上, shokken 職権乱用, shokken 消化器疾患, shoukaki 少量多品種, shouryo 修正 資源に限り, sigen 視野, siya その際, sonosai スピード経営, speed する程..., suruhodo	<S>: fraud/fraudulent/defraud of; scam; swindle; imposture; (on the) dodge; recognize anew; re-recognize; reconfirm the importance; reaffirm; reacknowledge; remind its value; raise awareness; new appreciation most suitable; optimum; optimal to; perfect setting; most effective get in the way; you can't let your personal feelings get in the way of business. three strategic pillars of; injunction strengthen the engine of growth strong team; select team; elite professionals; group of elite; dedicated team; best assigned team; outcomes/results based; accurate, exact, punctual, authentic; correctly; precisely lifestyle-related (diseases); the road/path/way/leading to success; follow the Yellow Brick Road (OZ); productivity revolution; Cf. industrious revolution, industrial revolution statute; Cf. law = Common Law selection and concentration; prune off unnecessary branches theft; internal/in-house training program; doctrine of precedent finishing touches; final polishing; capital =wealth in the form of money or assets; equity = the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities. at record high; at all-time high custody (of a child); trigger a shift; turn the tide; adopt a viewpoint of; with an eye on; with a view to; considering; bring into view; ex officio; by (the court) own authority (rescind); abuse/misuse of authority; graft; gastroenterological diseases; high-mix & low-volume (small lot) production; large/wide variety & small quantity; flexible manufacturing system (FMS); rectification; Cf. Remedy by Common Law. any resource has limits; limited/scarce resources; limited pool of; keeping view; examination in view in doing so; in that/such case; in that situation; moreover; on this occasion; almost invariably; in this regard; in this process/respect; speedy management; faster decision-making; speed of business decision; the higher the past success, the more likely the fall in the future.	<T>: 欺骗 qīpiàn; 诈骗zhàpiàn 重新认识 chóngxīn rènshi 合适 héshì; 最佳 zuìjiā; 阻碍 zǔài 鼎 dǐng; UK: Equityによる救済 成长发动机 chéngzhăng fādòngjī a a 确切 quèqiè; 准确 zhǔnquè 生活方式病 shēnghuó fāngshìbìng a 生产 shēngchăn 革命gémìng a a 偷盗 tōudào; 偷窃 tōuqiè; 公司内gōngsī nèi 研修yánxiū Common Lawの原則 最后加工 zuìhòu jiāgōng 資本; 純資産 史无前例 shǐ wú qiánlì 监护 jiānhù; あ a a 滥用职权 lànyòng zhíquán 消化器 xiāohuàqì 疾患 jíhuàn a UK: Equityによる救済 有限 yǒuxiàn; 限量 xiànliàng 视野 shìyě 而且 érqiě; 之际 zhī jì 培训 péixùn a
>Top <T>: タブー視, taboo 対価として, taika 耐性, taisei 多極主義, takyoku 定着, teichaku 手戻り, temodori 盗聴・改竄・成りすまし・自己否認 得意分野, tokui 得意技 特に, tokuni 突発的 toppatsu 取消し torikeshi 取り込み詐欺, torikomi 追体験, tsuitaiken 通称 tsusho	<T>: treat as taboo; consider taboo; as a compensation/consideration for; in consideration of; in return for antibiotic-resistant; temperature tolerance/tolerant; resilient; polycentrism; multi pole; pluralism; fixing down; getting established; fixity; unnecessary repairs; send back; setbacks; rework; amendment tapping/eavesdropping; falsification; impersonation; non-repudiation one's field of expertise; unique strength; area of speciality; signature move (必殺技); typically; especially; particularly; spirng into action; Bride-to-be Chen Ying sprang into action and began interviewing people. rescission (play a) confidence trick/game; vicarious experience; re-experience; trace the experience of; go by the name ...	<T>: 禁忌 jìnjì 耐性 nàixìng 多极 duōjí 定居 dìngjū 修改 xiūgǎi 窃听qiètīng; 改窜găicuàn; 假托jiătuō; 否认 fǒurèn 长项 chángxiàng; 专长zhuāncháng 长技 chángjì 特别 tèbié 突发性 tūfāxìng UK: Equityによる救済 a a 通称 tōngchēng
>Top <U>: 内向き志向 裏話, urabanashi	<U> inward-looking mindset; domestic orientated; introverted inside story; untold fact;	<U>: 内向 nèixiàng 内情 nèiqíng
>Top <V>: ベテラン, veteran	<V>: expert; experienced;	<V>: 老兵 lăobīng
>Top <W>: わいせつ, waisetsu	<W>: obscenity;	<W>: 淫秽 yínhuì
>Top <X>:	<X>:	<X>:
>Top <Y>: 要するに, yousuruni 要点 youten 用途転換, youto (ITの)融合, yuugou	<Y>: in a word; in short; after all; the point is; bullet point; each of several points in a list change of application/intended usage/use/purpose; use conversion; fusion of; integration; accumulated by; bring ... together; combine; convergence of; integrated systems of;	<Y>: 总之 zǒngzhī 要点 yàodiǎn 变更biàngēng 用途yòngtú 融合 rónghé
>Top <Z>: 前提知識, zentei	<Z>: basic knowledge; prior; background; prerequisite; assumption	<Z>: 前提 qiántí

Index	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Comment	Scrivner-Business