A New Guide to English Grammar-4 (改訂三版)英文法解説	Cat: LAN Pub: 1991 #: 12094b
	Taiichiro Egawa (江川泰一郎)	UP 12607

Index	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Key

; About; Action verb; All; Another; Anybody; Anything; As; As relative pronoun; At; Bare infinitive; Be going to; But relative pronoun; By; Can; Could; Causative verb; Conjunction; Demonstrative pronoun; Each/Every; Either/Neither; Emphatic sentence; From; For; Formal subject; Future perfect; Future perfect progressive; Future progressive; Gerund; Group verb; How; In; Inanimate subject; Infinitive; Inversion; It usage; May ; Might; Modal verb; Must/Have to; Need/Dare; Nominalization; None; Of; On; One; Other; Ought to; Passive voice; Past participle; Past perfect; Past perfect progressive; Past progressive; Perception verb; Perfect infinitive; Preposition; Present participle; Present perfect; Present perfect progressive; Present progressive; Present tense; Pro-infinitive/Sprit-invinitivee; Pronoun; Restrictive/Non-restrictive use; Same; Semi complement; Sequence of tense; Shall; Situational it; Should; So; Split infinitive; State verb; Subjunctive past; Subjunctive past perfect; Subjunctive present; Subordinate conjunction; Such; Than relative pronoun ; That; To; Used to; Verbal; Volitional future; What; Who; Where; Which; Whoever; Will; With; Would;

Items

Sample sentence

Remarks

>Top <S>:	<S>:	<S>:
Same 用法 >Top	Usage of same: Her birthday just happens to be the same as mine. My brother is in the same line of business as your are. She is wearing the same dress that she had on yesterday. You can do it now or leave it until later; it's all/just the same to me.
Same 慣用句 >Top	Idiom including Same: He's no reliable, but I like him all/just the same. The Superman and Clark Kent ware one and the same person.
Shall の用法 >Top	話者の意志：主語は二人称・三人称とした話者の意志 (古風) You shall do exactly as I say. He shall be punished if he disobeys. Theyt shall not interfere in may affairs. Shall my son carry this bag for you? We shall fight for peace and we shall win. There shall be no more wars. 法律・規則のshall: The Empeor shall be the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people. Tenants shall not play any musicl instrument after midnight. Thou shall love thy neighbors as thyself. 予言のshall・運命・宿命 Oh, East is east, and West is West, nad never the twain shall meet. Death is certain to all; all shall die.
So の用法 >Top	Usage of So: He didn't say so, but I had the impression that he was in a hurry. Oeople who decieve us once are capable of doing so again. If planes are dangerous, cars are much more so. Are we on the right road? - Yes, so it seems. He is always a poor player and will always remain so. The mountains were beautiful, and so was the sea. Jane doesn't like pop music. - I don't like it either. (Nether do I.) You have a mark on your sleeve. - Oh, so I do! (Oh, so I have.)	先行する句節の代用
Somethingの用法	Usage of something: You have hidden something somewhere.
Shouldの用法 >Top	義務・望ましさ：Mustほど命令的でない governments should respect the privacy of citizens. You shouldn't miss this chance. It'll never come again. Letters of recommendation should be simple and to the point. This is really a wonderful view. I should have brought my camera. 当然の推量：〜のはずです。確実性はMayより強く、Mustより弱い If they are coming by bus, they should arrive about six. He earns a good salary, so he shouldn't be badly off. The operation should have finished by now. 感情：反語的な疑問文・感激文 How should I know what you said? I wasn't there. When I looked up, what should I see but an enormous spider! I'm surprised that she should have said that sort of thing. I'm surprisedに続く従節: I see no reason why he shouldn't excuse her for such a little fault. We are sorry that you should feel unwanted in our team. It is strange that 構文: It's strange that there should be so many complaints about our service. It is absurd that women should be paid less than men for doing the same work. It is only natural that there should be a trade war between the two countries. It's amazing that Judy should want to be a social worker. It's a pity that the trip should have been canceled. It's a paradox that in a rich country there should be so many poor people. 提案・勧告・要求の動詞に続くthat節 I suggest we should meet again tomorrow. We insisted that the election should be by closed/secret ballot. His proposal that we should let the matter drop was accepted by everyone. It is necessary that構文: It's necessary that he should wear a jacket and a tie. It is essential that this item should be included in the agenda. lest ... should：文語体 She lowered her voice lest she should be heard. If you should be interested, please let me know.	びっくりshould Cf: I'm surprised that you feel so upset. I'm surprised that you should feel so upset.
Such の用法 >Top	Usage of such: The gift as such was of little value, but she loved it because it was from her granddaughter. My illness is not such as to cause anxiety. He is not such a stingy mand as he is made out to be. Her room was in such a mess that she was ashamed to ask me in.
接続詞 (Conjunction) 等位接続詞 (Coordinate Conjunction) >Top	And：注意すべき用法 Go and see for yourself. I'll go and hang out the washing. Come and stay with us. Try and jump that puddle. Let's wait and see. This room is nice and warm. The examination was nice and easy. His comments made me good and angry. How could I get out and not be seen? You cannot eat your cake and have it. Give me five minutes, and I'll change the tire. She is both physically and mentally mature for her age. I was at once comforted and terrified by this thought. But： Excuse me, but which way is to the station? Homework is one of the few things a child is scolded not for doing but for not doing. Life is indeed a tragedy at times and a comedy very often, but as a rule it is what we choose to make it. Not only Jim but also his friends are to blame. Cf: Jim as well as his friends is to blame. No man is so old but he may learn. I don't doubt but (that) you're telling the truth. He was the last but one to arrive. He is still but a child. Or： i hurried, or rather rant to the bus stop. He must have taken the wrong road, or else he should be here by now. He was neither tall nor short, but of middle height. Nor a flower nor even a blade of grass will grow in this desert. For： Her smile was misleading, for she was really upset. その他 I didn't want to make her feel unhappy, (and) so I told a white lie. I like dogs; still I don't care to keep one. This office is small. It's very functional, however. These flowers are lovely, only they have no scent.	but < outside or without. A is X. B is but X. A is X, but B is not X.
従位接続詞 (Subordinate conjunction) 名詞節を導くもの >Top	That She said (that) she would come. He maintained that educationl equality (should) be give to all children. the budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increasing costs. this suit is quite satisfactory, except that the sleeves are alittle too long. What surprised me most was that he did not seem to have a apassport. She coughed to give him the hint that he should leave the place. Whether/If： You can tell whether/if an egg is bad by its smell. I don't care whether/if you love me or not. Let me know whether or not you can come.
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの <時> >Top	When They were driving slowly when another car cut in ahead of them. You can imagine his embarrassment when he was asked this question. I can't tell you anything when you won't listen. While While I was never in doubt, I had to have proof of your identity. He has nothing to spend money on, while I have no money to spend. As He sensed danger as he walked down the dark empty street. After/before I think I'll have to take the children to the zoo after I said I would. Why didn't you got the dentist after I had told you to? Till/until Most people do not appreciate what they have until they lose it. Since He said that the city had changed since he came here. As soon as As soon as I returned home, I was called back to the office. The moment/instant he stood up, he felt giddy. I knew you the minute I saw you. その他 Once you learn the basic rules, this game is easy. Every time a dump truck passes, this house shakes. If she seems shy, it's because she doesn't know you well yet. I turned of the television as no one was watching. Since the blouse wasn't very dirty, it just needed a rinse.
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの<理由・原因> >Top	That I'm glad (that) you're all right. He's sorry (that) he lost his temper. Do you take me for a fool that you expect me to swallow that ridiculous story? I must be getting pretty absent-minded that I forgot to put on a tie. Now that Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. How do you pass your time now (that) you are retired? in that: Men differ from beasts in that they can think and speak. The rise of Davy was all the more brilliant in that he had not had much schooling. I like dogs better than cats in that they are more obedient. Not that it matters, how did you spend the money I gave you?	now that：〜した今は；時＋理由
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの <目的> >Top	So that Make light pencil lines so that they will erase easily. We put up a fence so that the neighbours should not overlook us. In order that Children go to school in order that they may learn things. She sacrificed herself that her old parents might live in comfort Lest, for fear (that) He jotted down the car number lest he (should) forget it. He kept quiet for fear (that) he should/might disturb his brother. In case Keep the window closed in case it (should) rain.
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの <結果> >Top	So 〜 that He is not so busy that he can't go for a walk now and then. She spoke so little English (that) I talked to her through an interpreter. This bridge is so made that it opens in the middle. We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty. Nobody is so poor that he has nothing to give to others. Such 〜 that It was such a big menu that I didn't know what to choose. I'm such a pessimist that I'm always being pleasantly surprised. He's such a busy doctor (that) he has hardly any time for his private life. so that, so (that) The burglar wore gloves, so (that) there were no fingerprints to be found.
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの <譲歩> >Top	Though/although Young though he is he holds a responsible positron. Although he looked very calm, he was inwardly terrified. As (=though) Old as he is, his step is still as steady as ever. Much as we resemble each other, we are none of us exactly alike. Try as we would, we could not get him to cheer up. Even if, even though Even if it rains, the game will be played. Even though I felt sorry for him, I was secretly pleased that he was in trouble. Whether ... or; ...ever Whether it rains or not, he goes jogging. She looks pretty, whatever she wears. Whenever she goes, she makes friends. no matter ＋疑問詞 She looks pretty, no matter what she wears. No matter who telephones, tell him I'm out. You'll have to make your views public no matter whether you like it or not. その他 Say what we will, he doesn't mind us. Come what may, we will go ahead.	本来はas 〜 asの比較のあｓ。譲歩の意味は文全体から生じる
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの <様態> >Top	As Try and see things as they are. "Pracitce makes perfect," as the saying goes. Don't toruble to change; come jus as you are. We were, as it happened, on the point of sittingdown to dinner. その他 She came in looking as if nothing had happened. We hoped things would go better, but as it is they are getting worse. I wished I had written down her words. As it was, I had to speak form my memory. She dances the (same) way I do. This omelette is cooked just the way I like it. The English are not intellectual, as Europeans go. He is a good actor, as actors go nowadays.
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの <限定> >Top	As His first novel, as I remember, was very favorably received. It's a rather high price, even as prices go these days. Apple pie as Dorothy makes it is a work of art. As far as, so far as As far as the eye could reach, the city was a sea of fire. You're too hard on him; he's quite a good student as far as he goes. As long as, so long as As long as we live, our heart never stops beating. Any story will do as long as it is amusing. That There has never been purse-snatiching around here, that I know of. Is anyone going to visit Aunt Fanny in the hopital today? - Not that I know of.
従位接続詞(Subordinatre Conjunction) 副詞節を導くもの <条件> >Top	In case In case I'm late, don't wait for me to start dinner. I'll be in my office until 6 o'clochk in case you want me. Suppose/supposing Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do? Assuming (that) you're right, we can hope for a better result. Providing/Provided (that) my expenses are paid, I am winlling to go. Unless I won't phone you unless there's some important news. I won't phone you if there isn't any import news. Don't ask me to explain unless you really don't understand. You will hurt yourself if you are not careful. - so be carfeful. C: You will hurt yourself unless you are careful. - so it would be better not to do it at all.	X in case Y: Yの予防としてXをする。Xが時間的に先 X if Y: YならばXをする。時間的にYが先 X in case Y (Yでない限り、Xである) X if Y (YならばXをする) unlessは仮定法に使えない unless = except when, except if; 唯一の除外条件

>Top <T>:	<T>:	<T>:
Than 関係代名詞的 >Top	Than 関係代名詞的 The next war will be more cruel than can be imagined. There's more to that man than meets the eye. There are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in our philosopy. - Shakespere	文語的
Thatの用法 >Top	Usage of that: Most people have old things that they don't want throw away. The first and the simplest emotion that we discover in the human mind is curiosity. THIS is the very place that I have long wanted to visit. Everything had been done that could be done in a short a time. Nothing (that) I do please her. His writings contain little that is new or starling, but much that is old and even trite. Who that has pride in him can stand such an insult? Fool that I was, I suspected his motives in his offer. She was put out because I go the part in the play that she wanted. She is just the type ( ) I always knew would attract him. There are many surprising thing ( ) happen in this world. I suppose it is only our imagination ( ) makes us feel that way. The chance that, unfortunately, he missed last time would never come again.	常に限定用法 関係代名詞の省略・非省略 省略： 間を置かずS+Vの場合 There is/It isのように音声学的に軽い場合
That 二重限定	Double restriction: There is something that passes for heroism which is not heroism at all. He is the only man ( ) I know who can dive but not swim. London is the city ( ) I've visited which I like very much
倒置構文 (Inversion) >Top	強調；否定または準否定の副詞語句 Never in all my life have I been so strongly attracted to nay man. Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs. Rarely does it happen that the harbor is frozen up as late as March. Only in this way/In this way alone ca we explain the mystery. On no account are the visitors allowed to touch the exhibits. Not only does Michael say what should be said; he also does what should be done. Not until I visited him did I realize how ill he was. No sooner had she left the room than they started to gossip about her. Hardly/Scarcely had the game started when/before it began to rain. Not a word did he say all the while. Not one bottle did they leave behind. 場所を示す副詞句；goやcomeなど運動 Up went the hot-air balloon. Down came the rain. Into the water jumped the boy with a splash. 場所を示す副詞句；be動詞 Among the audience were the Prime Minister and his wife. Just outside of the door was a large sign which said; "Danger! Keep out!" In front of the forest was an open field covered with grass and wild flowers. At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. On his left sits his wife, who,dressed in black, is beautiful and pale as wax. In the distance could be seen the snow-capped mountains. 強調のための倒置；文語調 So intimate is the relation between a language and the people who speak it that the wo can scarcely be thought of apart. Such was the force of the explosion taht all the windows were broken to pieces. Well do I remembe the day when I first saw the Southern Cross in Australia. How different from the great nation we are today wes the America Columbus discovered.

>Top <U>:	<U>:	<U>:
Used toの用法 >Top	過去の習慣的動作 I used to walk to my office, but now I take the bus. I used to eat a big breakfast, but I don't now. As a child she used to stutter, but she grew out of it. He doesn't play tennis as well as he used to. 過去の状態：現在との対比 He used to be afraid of heights, but he has got over that now. This is a man-made lake; there used to be a valley until they dammed the river. Life here is not as easy as it used to be. Did he use to smoke? (Used he to smoke?) Wouldとの比較：Used toは過去と現在の対比、 He used to have a day off once a week, and on that day he would get up early, have a hasty breakfast and set out for the river.	現在はどうであるか Used to は過去と現在の対比、現在はその習慣がない；動作動詞・状態動詞いずれも Wouldは個人的な回想；動作動詞のみ；疑問文も否定文もなし

>Top <V>:

<V>:

<V>:

>Top <W>:	<W>:	<W>:
Whatの用法 >Top	Usage of what: What a imprsssion he made! You can hardly imagine what a sight it was.	Feminine what < feminine so.
What 複合関係代名詞	Compound relative pronoun: What they said to you is exactly the reverse of what they told me yesterday. This town is quite a different place from what it was ten years ago. Since my oroom is small, I sue what (little) space there is.	少ないながらあるだけの
What 慣用句	Idiom including what: Your father wants you. - What for? What if we move the table over there? I'll tell you what. They sell food, clothes and what not by direct mail. She is a quick learner and, what is more, she remembers what she has learned. We got lost in the dark and, what was (still) worse, it began to rain. What the blueprint is to the builder, the outline is to the writer. What with the wind and (what with) the rain, our walk was spoiled. Young people cannot be expected to read, what with cars, sports and television. What by policy and what by force, he always accomplished his purpose.
Whoの用法 >Top	Usage of who: Do you know who he it? / Who do you think he is? Who in the world told you that? Whos said what to whom? He came with a girl who he said was his cousin. Who steals my purse steal trash. - Shakepere. Who that has pride in him can stand such an insult?	Whoの直後の語呂
Whereの用法 >Top	Usage of where: Where ever di you lose it?
Whichの用法 >Top	Usage of which: The plane may be several hours late, in which case thre's no point in our waiting. She looked lie a fashion model - which she really was. She was rich, which unfortunately I was not.
Whoever, Whichever, Whatever >Top	Whoever, whichever, whatever: I'll take whichever surfboard you are not using. We ate whatever food we could find. Whoever else objects, I do not. It's all the same to us whichever side wins. Whatever nonsense the newspapers print, some people always believe. I have nothing whatever to do with that firm. Do you have any interest whatever in horse racing.	譲歩節を導く
Will の用法 >Top	推量のwlll：単純未来の拡張＝現在の自転での推量 This'll be the pin you're looking for. You'll be Miss Cook, I suppose. He won't remember that; that was before his time. Don't phone them now. They will still be working. It's six o'clock; they will have arrived home by now. 現在の習慣：意志未来の拡張 She's strange - she will sit for hours there looking outside. He will talk for an hour or so, and then he will becom apologetic about wasting time. 習性・傾向 Accidents will happen. A snake is a timid animal. It won't attack a man unlessprovoked. You will all stay here till I return. Is that clear?	時はすべて現在
Wouldの用法；過去を表す場合 >Top	時制の一致 I wondered if she would say yes. I said I wouldn't do it, but on second thought I think I will. 強い意志 I tried to refuse his invitation, but he would insist on my coming. He ga e servral knocks at the door, but she wouldn't let him in. 過去の推量 I suppose she would be about 30 when her first novel was published. 過去の習慣 When in college, wou would often sit up all night discussing philosophy and politics.
Wouldの用法；現在を表す場合 >Top	Would：意志・希望 I would gladly meet you mother at the airport and drive her to the hotel. Is there anyone who would lose his freedom of speech? Would：推量 That girl over there would be Beth. Your husband would be coming home from work, I imagine. Would：言外に仮定 If he is so sick, he would be better off in a hospital. The computer performs a computation in seconds which would require hundreds of worker hours. Would：丁寧な依頼・勧誘 Would you lend me a hand, please? Would you care for some cookies? Would it be convenient you to visit me this afternoon at my office? Would：慣用表現 I would like to see him right now. I would have liked to see you yesterday, but I didn't have the time. I would rather she sat next to me. I wish you would shut up. I'm trying to think.

>Top <X>:

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<X>:

>Top <Y>:

<Y>:

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>Top <Z>:	<Z>:	<Z>:
前置詞 (Preposition) >Top	You must not use a preposition to end a sentence with.	19Cの規範文法
前置詞；At >Top	状態；場所のatの拡張 I never feel at ease in his company. He was all at sea during his first week on the job. 従事； They're still hard at work. The news reached us at breakfast. 代価・割合 He was able to sell his old telescope at a good price. Everything is for sale at 30% off. 感情の原因 She like him at first sight. At this word, he jumped for joy.
前置詞；By >Top	近接 Come and stand by your mother. I'll take your picture. Don't be afraid. i'll stand by you if you need help. 差異の距離・程度 The bullet missed my shoulder by a hair's breadth. He is my junior by two years. He won by a narrow majority. 経路 We came by the nearest road. We entered the building by the back door. 手段・方法・媒介 No one in those days could live by poetry. I used your towel by mistake. He caught me by the wrist. 基準・単位 Don't judge a person by his clothes. I knew him by his knock. Office workers in Japan are mostly paid by the month. 時の期限 By the time this letter reaches you, I'll have left Rome.
前置詞；For >Top	方向；場所・利益・賛成の方法 The crowd made a rush for the exit. She has a taste for modern art. This building is specially designed for people in wheelchairs. Are you for or against the new plan? 目的；追求の対象、適不適、交換、理由 Do you have any medicine for airsickness? He asked for a single room at the hotel. Their struggle for independence was long and hard. This house is ideal for newlyweds. She could pass for a model. I'm sorry, but I took you for you sister. A salesman receives a commission for each sale. He was fined for speeding. But for the tall building in front, we would get a fine view from this balcony. 時間・空間のFor；期間・距離 I've been wanting to see you for ages. For miles and miles there was a beautiful stretch of countryside.
前置詞；From >Top	起点；場所と時の起点、変化の起点、分離 This book makes fascinating reading from beginning to end. Could you change the time of my appointment from 2:30 to 3:30? WE were hoping for improvement, but things have gone from bad to worse. If you take 3 from 7, it leaves 4. A judge must be free from prejudice. Don't let me keep you from going out. 区別・相違 How can you tell a male chick from a female? Dogs differ from wolves in shape. 出所・期限 Many English words are derived from latin. 観点・根拠 From the look on his face, I could tell that he was lying. 原因； My grandmother suffered from headaches all her life. The animals died from lack of food. Cf; Mr. Ford died of lung cancer. (病気はdied of、病気以外はdied from) 材料；変化を暗示 Wine is made from grapes. Her dress is made of pure silk.
前置詞；In >Top	場所・位置 He strained a muscle in his leg. 周囲の中 The cat is sitting in the sun. 服装 He looks handsome in uniform. She went out in her red shoes. 状態の中 He was in love with a French girl. You talked in your sleep last night and woke me up. 範囲の中 The terms of payment are favorable to us in some ways. 方向・方向 The road branches in three directions here. 形状 We sat in a ring on the floor. The children stood hand in hand in a row. You will always have a good friend in me. I recognize his father in him. 表現の材料 The landscape was painted in oils. She said this in a stage whisper. He waved his hand to us in farewell. 時；所用時間 The barber cut my hair in 5 minutes. 時；経過時間；主に未来 You mother will be able to get about in a week. JUst wait here a moment. I'll be back in not time. 期間 I haven't danced a step in ten years. This is the driest summer in years. I came across Jill at the party last week; it was the first time I had seen her in months.	X in Y；XがYの全部または一部を形成
前置詞；Of >Top	位置の分離 We all live within walking distance of each other. 出所・期限 He comes of a good family. Don't expect too much of him. He did all tha was required of him. 除去・奪取 This cream helps clear your face of spots. They robbed her of her cash and checkbook. 部分；全体から分離した部分 He offererd me (a) apart of his lunch. What a pity that he of all men, should fall a victim to the disease! 材料；構成要素 Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen. 所属 The floor of this room is cracked. その他の用法；語源的に意味(off)から判断しにくい；修飾・所有・主格・目的格・同格 This farm is the property of my family. The love of God is infinite. We shoiuld cultivate the love of beauty. We met socially for the exchange of ideas and opinions. Do you know of a byo by the name of Calvin? She was an agnel of a girl. 動詞との結合 Do youi know of a do-it-youslef shop around here? The sotry you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had. They have not yet informed me of/about the schedule. 形容詞との結合 I'm sick of doing nothing. We're absolutely sure of the facts. Other boys were jealous of Herb's big kite.	語源的にはoff
前置詞；On >Top	接触；付着 The engagement ring is to be worn on the third finger of the left hand. The dress looks rather severe on you, I think. I don't think I have that much money on me just now. 接触；支え・依存・根拠 Can you stand on your hands? He lay flat on his back. You can't walk that distance on an empty stomach. Happiness depends on how you look on life. Direct taxation is usually based on income. I always act on my intuition, and it has never failed me. 接触した状態・進行 Don't loiter on your way form school. The log cabin was on fire. (=was burning) Wool production is distinctly on the increase. 動作の対象；人や物に接触する The boxer made a desperate attack on his opponent. We spent a lot of money on PR. 時を表す I met Mr. Hudson on several occasions. 接触；接触したとたんの動作 On looking ahead, we saw that the road descended deeply. I'll tell on you when the teacher gets back!
前置詞；To >Top	到達点；結果；方向よりも到達点に重点 The mother sang her bay to sleep. All his efforts came to nothing. She announced her engagement to the delight of everyone present. I gave a book to Tom. (到達重視) Cf: I bought a book for Tom. (到達しなくとも目的達成) 到達点；程度・範囲 http://www.tuningradio.gr/images/2012/05/096.jpg He drained the cup to the last drop. the wind died down to a whisper. My clothes were soaking wet, and I was chilled to the bone. To my knowledge, he is hard working and reliable. 結合・付着 The mud stuck to my shoes. Please hold on to the strap. 適合・一致 We hope this small gift is to you liking. I like dancing to soft music. 付随・付加 There are exceptions to every rule. Please add the item to my bill. 比較・比例 A conceited man feels superior to everyone else. Prices are incredibly high to what they are in my own country. Life is often compared to a voyage. The chances are ten to one against us. (ten to one = odds)	from june to August from June through August from June to August inclusive
前置詞；With >Top	同伴 I enjoyed being with you this evening. She sat up with the sick child all night. 携帯 The girl left the garden with an armful of fresh flowers. 所有 I'm looking for a house with a garage. People with high blood pressure must refrain from salty food. 道具 She dabbed at the stain on her dress with a wet cloth. The ground was covered with frost. 原因・理由 The boy was shivering with cold. What with one thing and another, I've been busy all this week. 同時 An adult's memory weakens with age. With the coming of autumn, the leaves turned from green to yellow. 結合 This flight connects with the flight for Sydney. If we combine your savings with mine, we can take a trip to Europe. 関係・関連 Sex has nothing to do with the ability to learn. For all his bragging, he isn't very popular with girls. Don't be too strict with little children. 調和・一致 A red tie doesn't go with this suit. I agree with you on that point. I cannot keep pace with your way of living. 比較 Compare your translation with the model translation on the blackboard. Recorded music doesn't compare with live music. 対立；in opposition to Don't fight with Jim. He argued with the taxi drive about the fare. He had a quarrel with his sister about his motorbike.	プラスの関係 古期英語では対立againstの意味 withstand withhold withdraw
前置詞；Aboutなど >Top	比喩的な意味 I don't care about my personal appearance. She thinks herself above housework. The boy was named Frederic after his uncle. The demonstration was a protest against the proposed new highway. I'll be back around six. Tom is behind the rest of his class in math. Between astonishment and despair, she hardly knew what to do. These Persian rugs are beyond our means. I talked my husband into having a medical checkup. They had an informal meeting over dinner. His health broke down through overwork. The gym is under repair. The matter is still under consideration.
前置詞；As >Top	役割・資格 She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence. He is regarded as a nuisance by his colleasgues. We consider the matter as settled. 比較・区別・対立 Rural life has advantages and disadvantages as compared with urban life. The great beauty of music, as against the other arts, is that it is an international language. 他の語との組合せ As for the field rip, we'll take it up at the next meeting. He said nothing as to wages. You all like baseball, but as for me I like soccer much better. As from next Monday, we will start work half an hour earlier. (堅い文体) Because ofなど We could see nothing because of dense fog. The helicopter turned back on account of poor visibility. Owing to the slacking of orders, the factory had to lay off some of their workmen. The accident was due to a broken axle. I bough the land for the purpose of/(with a view to) building a summer house. We had a wonderful holiday in spite of/despite the rain. In addition to/Besides making a mistake, he put the blame on me. We add 10% to the bill instead of/(in place of) tips. Instead of stopping to speak, she passed by with a distant nod. Everyone except me got an invitation. I'm quite well now, except for a slight cold. The applicants were thoroughly screen in terms of their English competence. It was his principle to think in terms of other people rather than of himself. You can classify a collection of shells according to shape, color, or size. Thanks to your interference, this work is going to be delayed a great deal.	Exceot: 語修飾的 Cf: Except for: 文修飾的；文頭ではexcept for
群動詞； 動詞＋前置詞 (Group verb, or Phrasal verb) >Top	動詞＋前置詞 We asked for more pay and shorter hours. (=demanded) John and Betty have broken off their engagement. The meeting broke up at 6. The heavy spring rains brought about the flood. (=caused) I'll call for you at 6 and we'll go together. Chess calls for concentration and a good memory. (=requires) Call me (up) tomorrow morning. Once you make a promise, you must carry it out. I rant to catch up with her. (=overtake) How did the accident come about? (=happen) I came across this book at a secondhand bookstore. (found by chance) The woman who had fainted came to in a few minutes. (=regained consciousness) We must cut down our expenses to the bare minimum. (=reduce) Don't cut in when someone else is talking. (=interrupt) You are not cut out to be a teacher. This bd lawa shoiud be done away with at once. (=abolished) If there isn't any milk, we'll have to do without (it) Drop in for a chat; I'm always home. How are you getting along in your new job? I tried to catch the bird, but it got away. (=escaped) Get in the car and we'll go for a drive. I got off (the train) at the wrong station. Where do you usually get on the subway? It took me more than a month to get over my cold. Let's get together at my house. The tow boys fought until one gave in. (=yielded) The firework went off with a loud bang. (=exploded) Please go on. I'm listening. (=continue) Shall we go over the lesson once more? (=examine, review) Many people held back when I asked for volunteers. (=hesitated) I hope the rain will hold off until the game is over. (=be delayed) Hold on while I get a pencil and paper. Why does the dog keep on barking? (=continue) You're walking too fast. I can't keep up (with you). If you don't do you duty, people will look down on you. (=despise) Look out! Something is falling down. Look over you answer sheets before you hand them in. (=examine)(=submit) If you don't know his number, look it up in the telephone book. Mr. Higgins is the kind of man that everyone looks up to. I can't make out the meaning of this sentence. (=understand) He made out that he knew nothing about it. (=pretended) Is it a true story or did you make it up? (=invent) That couple had a quarrel, but they have made (it) up already. Susan made up her face carefully for the party. He insisted that the airline make up for his lost baggage (=compensate for) Your toys are scattered all over the room. Please put them away. I put down my name on the list. (=wrote) I'm so busy that I'll have to put my vacation off. (=postponed) The firemen arrived and put the fire out. (=extinguished) Why should they put up with such terrible working conditions? (=endure) I ran across this old flower vase at an antique shop. (=found by chance) Time ran out before I could answer all the questions. Guess who I ran into at the station yesterday? (=met by chance) He was driving recklessly and ran over a child. I only ran through the book. We'll see (to it) that she gets home early. we were allowed to sit up /stay up late on Saturday nights. Which side of your family do you think you take after? (=resemble) I'm turned off by people who smoke. Don't take on too much work. This desk takes up too much space. (=occupies) When shall we turn in our homework? (=hand in, submit) A historical 'fact' frequently turns out to be a legend. (=proves) The guest turned up half an hour late. (=arrived, came) Don't worry; everything will work out in the end. I went out for a walk to work up an appetite33 for lunch. (=stimulate)
間違えやすい前置詞	Mistakable prepositions: You've got nothing to complain to, so be quiet. I expect to have her answer till Thursday. He is tall for a boy of eight. I wish to speak to you in private. You are now at liberty to leave any time. The project is well under way. I met her purely by accident. I'll give you anything with pleasure. I hope you didn't think I was serious. I said that in fun.

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