Title	English Verb Patterns	英語動詞パターン
Index	1. SV: Birds sing. 2. SV-adv: Mary lives in Tokyo. 3. SVC-adj: Mary is young. 4. SVC-to-do: We agreed to go out. 5. SVC-doing: Seeing is believing. 6. SVC-pp: John got fired. 7. SVC-noun: Mary is a teacher. 8. SVC-as-noun: John acted as go-between. 9. SVC-that-cl: I agree that he is right. 10. SVC-wh-cl: I stopped caring what anybody else thought: 11. SVO-do: John helped solve the problem. 12. SVO-to-do: I want to go. 13. SVO-doing: We all enjoy singing. 4. SVO-noun: A cat killed a rat. 15. SVO-noun-adv: John put the book on the table. 16. SVO-that-cl: I believe that John is honest. 17. SVO-wh-cl: I know who you are. 18. SVOO-noun-noun: I gave him a book. 19. SVOO-noun-that-cl: John told Mary that she was pretty. 20. SVOO-noun-wh-cl: John asked Mary whether she would like to come. 21. SVOC-noun-adj: John thought Mary pretty. 22. SVOC-noun-as-adj: I regard it as unnecessary. 23. SVOC-noun-do: I saw him go out. 24. SVOC-noun-to-do: I told him to go out. 25. SVOC-noun-to-be: I think John to be a fool. 26. SVOC-noun-doing: I saw a dong running around. 27. SVOC-noun-pp: I found the house destroyed. 28. SVOC-noun-noun: The Queen made him a knight. 29. SVOC-noun-as-noun: We regard the plan as a failure.
Why	In English grammar, there is the famous five patterns of sentence; but actually, there are more patterns, which delicately varies among reference books or dictionaries. Of of the famous dictionary named 'Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary' compiled by A. S. Hornby et al., published in 1961 describes 25 patterns. Shogakkan Progressive English-Japanese Dictionary explains xxx patterns. Languages is living, and classification is man-made; therefore there is no grammatical explanation but has exceptions.	英文法では、有名な５文型があるが、実際にはもっと多くの文型があり、参考書や辞書によって微妙に異なる。 有名なホーンビーの新英英大辞典 (1961)には25の文型が掲載してある。 小学館プログレシブ英和中辞典(第2版, 1987)には、29の文型の説明がある。 言葉は生き物であり、分類は人が行う。それ故、例外のない文法もないということになる。

English	Hornby's Samples	Remarks
>Top 1. SV: S+Vi Vb alone burn; fly; breathe; rise; shine	P21. SV Fire + burns. Birds+ fly. We all + breathe, eat and drink. The moon + rose. The sun + was shining.	Ⅰ-1: 【1 ∅】Birds sing. 単独自動詞のみ complete intransitive verbs (完全自動詞)
>Top 2. SV+adv Vi + Adverbial Adjunct stand; turn; rise; go; come; stand	P23. SV+A Stand + up! We must turn + back. The sun rises + in the east. We di not go + anywhere. He will come + as soon as he is ready. A chair will not stand + on two legs.	Ⅰ-2a: 【Ⅰ 副】Mary lives in Tokyo. Adjunct (付加語) by predicative word or phrase.
SV+adv: Vi + Preposition + Prepositional Object call; depend; succeed; rely; look; believe; think	P24. SV+ (preposition) He called + on + me. It depends + on + the weather. He succeeded + in + solving the problem. I rely + on + your help. Look + at + the backboard. He believes + in + getting up early. I should not think + of + doing such a thing.	Ⅰ-2b: 【Ⅰ 副】
SV-adv: Vi+ (for) + Complement of Distance, Time, Price, etc walk; come; stretch; last; live; wait; weigh; go up; cast; stay	P20. SV (ad) We walked + (for) five miles. They had come + a long way. The forests stretched + (for) miles and miles. The rain lasted + all day. He may live + (for) many years yet. We waited + (for) two hours. It weights + five tons. The thermometer went up + ten degrees. It cast + ten shillings. Will you stay + (for) the night?	Ⅰ-2c: 【Ⅰ 副】 自動詞＋前置詞句/副詞的語句
>Top 3. SVC-adj Vi + Predicative be; get; become; turn; feel; prove; come	P22a. SVC (adj) That will be plenty. Please get + ready to start. The weather has become + warmer. The leaves have turned + red. It feels + soft. The plan proved + useless. His dream came + true.	Ⅱ-1:【Ⅱ 形】Mary is young. 自動詞＋補語としての形容詞相当の前置詞句 predicative words (述語)
>Top 4. SVC-to-do: Vi + to + Infinitive come; stop; wait	P25a. SVC (to do) He came + (in order) to see me. We stopped + to have a rest. I come + to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The motorcar has come + to stay. I am waiting + to hear your opinion.	Ⅱ-2a:【Ⅱ to do】We agreed to go out. 自動詞＋補語としての不定詞 the infinitive is one of purpose.
SVC-to-do: happen; seem; fail; appear; fail	P25b. SVC (to do) She happened + to notice it. They seemed + not to notice it. They failed + to hear our call. He appeared + to enjoy the film. I fail + to see any good reason for it.	Ⅱ-2b: 【Ⅱ to do】 the infinitive may be considered to be part of the subject.
SVC-to-do: get; come; live; rejoice	P25c. SVC (to do) How can I get + to know her? How did you come + to know him? Not (that) I come + to think of it, ... He came + to see that he was mistaken. He lived + to be ninety. I rejoice + to hear of your success.	Ⅱ-2c:【Ⅱ to do】 the infinitive is one of result.
SVC-to-do: be	P25d. SVC (to do) This house is + to let. The worst is till + to come. We are + to start at once. A good results is + not to be expected. They were + to arrive during the morning.	Ⅱ-2d:【Ⅱ to do】 the infinitive is predicative.
>Top 5. SVC-doing: Vi + Gerund, etc. stop; enjoy; remember; excuse; mind; help; keep; go on; leave off	P17a. SVC (doing) Please stop + talking. He enjoys + playing tennis. I remember + doing it. Please excuse + my being so late. Do you mind + staying a little longer? Do you mind + my staying a little longer? She couldn't help + laughing. He keeps on + coming here. They went on + working. Has it left off + raining yet?	Ⅱ-3a:【Ⅱ doing】Seeing is believing. 自動詞＋補語としてのing形 (動名詞/現在分詞)
SVC-doing: begin; like; prefer; hate; start	P17B. SVC (doing) He began + talking (=to talk). He likes + swimming (=to swim). I prefer + staying (=to stay) indoors on cold winter evenings. I hate + refusing (=to refuse) every time. He started + packing (=to pack) his books and clothes.	Ⅱ-3b:【Ⅱ doing】
SVC-doing: want; need want; need	P17C. SVC (doing) It wants + doing (=to be done.) Your work needs + correcting (=to be corrected) That needs + explaining (=to be explained)	Ⅱ-3c: 【Ⅱ doing】
>Top 6. SVC-pp:	P22d. SVC (past particle) I stand accused.	Ⅱ-4:【Ⅱ 過分】John got fired. 自動詞＋補語としての過去分詞 過去分詞か形容詞か曖昧な面あり John got hurt.
>Top ７. SVC-noun:	P22b. SVC (noun) This is + a book This book is + mine. The results are + what we expected.	Ⅱ-5:【Ⅱ 名】Mary is a teacher. 自動詞＋補語としての名詞
>Top 8. SVC-as-noun:	22c. SVC (as+noun)	Ⅱ-6:【Ⅱ as 名】John acted as go-between. 自動詞＋補語としてのas +名詞
>Top 9. SVC-that clause:	22d. SVC (that clause)	Ⅱ-7: 【Ⅱ that節】I agree that he is right. I agree that hi is right.でagreeは(agree to a proposal) Viなので【Ⅱ that節】だが、表面的には【Ⅲ that節】と区別つかない。
>Top 10. SVC-wh clause:	SVC (wh- clause)	Ⅱ-8: 【Ⅱ wh節】I stopped caring what anybody else thought. 自動詞＋wh節 careは(care about one's safety)でViなので、【Ⅱ wh節】だが、表面的には【Ⅲ wh節】と区別つかない。
>Top 11. SVO-do: Vt + Noun or Pronoun + Infinitive, etc. Causative verb (使役動詞) make; let; help; Verb of perception (知覚動詞) know; hear; see; feel; watch; notice	P5. SVO (infinitive) I made + him + do it. Let + me + go! We must not let + the matter + rest here. They have never known + him + behave so badly. I will have + him + do the work. Will you help + me + carry this box? Would you have + me + believe that? I heard + him + come in. We saw + them + go out. They felt + the house + shake. Watch + me + do it. Did anyone notice + the thief + leave the house?	Ⅲ-1:【Ⅲ do】John helped solve the problem. Passive construction: 1) He was made to do it. 4) He has never be known to behave so badly. 9) They were seen to go out.
>Top 12. SVO-to-do: Vt + (not) to + Infinitive, etc. want; promise; decide; remember; agree; go; care; pretend	P2. SVO (to do) He wants + to go. I have promised + to help them. They decided + not to go. Did you remember + to shut the window? He agreed + to pay for it. Have you + to go to school today? Would you care + to go for a walk? He pretended + not to see me.	Ⅲ-2a:【Ⅲ to do】I want to go. to + Infinitive is usually regraded as the object of the verb. Cf. P17b
SVO-to-do: Vt + Noun or Pronoun + (not) + to + Infinitive, etc.	P3. SVO (to do) He wants + me + to be early. I asked + him + not to do it. I told + the servant + to open the window. Please help + me + to carry this box. He likes + his wife + to dress well. Your teacher expects + you + to work hard. I warned + him + not to be late. He allowed + the soldiers + to take him prisoner. They have never known + him + to behave so badly.	Ⅲ-2b:【Ⅲ to do】 Cf. P10 Passive construction: 3) The servant was told to open the window. 7) He was warned not to be late.
>Top 13. SVO-doing:		Ⅲ-3:【Ⅲ doing】We all enjoy singing.
>Top 14. SVO-noun Vt + Direct Object cut; see;have; like; do; want; light; be; dress; laugh; dream; smile; dig	P1. SVO (noun phrase) He cut + his finger. We saw + your brother. We have already had + breakfast. He does not like + cold weather. We always do + that. I want + six. We lit + a fire. They were throwing + stones. A baby cannot dress + itself. He laughed + a merry laugh. She dreamed + a curious dream. She smiled + her thanks. I dug + a hole.	Ⅲ-4:【Ⅲ 名】A cat killed a rat. determinative: 限定詞 with a simple direct object which is a noun, pronoun or determinative. Cf. P17 for the use of gerunds.
>Top 15. SVO-noun-adv Vt + Object + Adverbial put; take; give; show; employ; treat; bring; take; lead; know	P10. SVO (as) They provided us with food. They derived him of his title. He laughed a person into silence. Put + it + here. He took + his hat + off. He has given + it + away. Mr. Smith showed + me + to the door. We employed + her + as a cook. They treat + their sister + as if she were only a servant. He brought + his brother + to see me. He took + the medicine + in order to get well. They led + me + to believe that there was no danger. I don' know + her + to speak to.	Ⅲ-5a:【Ⅲ 名副】John put the book on the table. 副詞の必要度は使役の意味が強くなるほど高まる。 Passive construction: 4) I was shown to the door (by Mr. Smith.) 6) Their sister is treated as if she were only a servant.
SVO-noun-adv Vt + Direct Object + Preposition + Prepositional Object give; tell; show; lend; offer; owe; throw; bring; save; leave; order	P18A. SVO (preposition) I gave + the money + to + my friend. They told + the news + to + everybody they met. We showed + the pictures + to + our teachers. I don't lend + my books + to anybody. He offered + one + to + me. I owe + the pounds + to + my tailor. Throw + that box + to + me. Bring + that book + to + me. I bought + some books + for + my brother. Please save + one + for + me. Did you leave + any + for + me? She has ordered + a new dress + for + herself.	Ⅲ-5b:【Ⅲ 名副】John put the book on the table. Verbs used with to or for.
SVO-noun-adv thank; ask; compare; punish; congratulate; throw; prevent; add; protect; explain	P18B. SVO (preposition) Thank + you + for + your kind help. Ask + him + for + some more. Compare + this + with + that. They punished + him + for + being late. Congratulate + him + on + his success. Don't throw + stones + at + the dog, What prevented + you + from + coming? Add + this + to + what you already have. Protect + us + from + the enemy. I explained + my difficulty + to + him.	Ⅲ-5c:【Ⅲ 名副】 Verbs used with various prepositions.
>Top 16. SVO-that-clause: Vt + that-clause hope; suppose; explain; think; see; suggest	P11. SVO (that caluse) I hope + (that ) you will come. I suppose + (that) you will be there. He explained + that nothing could be done. Do you think + (that) it will rain? He saw + (that ) the plan was useless. I suggested + (that ) he should leave early.	Ⅲ-6:【Ⅲ that節】I believe that John is honest. Passive construction: 3) It was explained that nothing could be done. 5) It was seen that the plan was useless.
>Top 17. SVO-wh-clause: Vt + Conjunctive + to + Infinitive, etc. wonder; know; learn; find; remember; know	P13. SVO (wh -phrase) I wonder + how + to do it. I do not know + what + to do. He is learning + how + to swim. She was wondering + which + to buy. Will you find out + how + to get there? You must remember + when + to begin. I do no know + whether + to go or stay.	Ⅲ-7a:【Ⅲ wh節】I know who you are.
SVO-wh-clause: Vt + Conjunctive + Clause wonder; mind; know; care; suggest; say	P15. SVO (wh- phrase) I wonder + why + he has not come. I wonder + whether + he will come. I do not mind + where + we go. Do you know + who + he is? I do not care + what + you think. Can you suggest + where + this ought to go? Please say + what + you want. Nobody knows + whose + it is.	Ⅲ-7b:【Ⅲ wh節】
>Top 18. SVOO-noun-noun:. Vt + Indirect Object + Direct Object pay; lend; give; read; throw; tell; hand; wish; deny	19a. SVOO (noun) Have they paid you + the money? Will you lend + me + five shillings? Our teacher gave + us + an English lesson. I read + him + the letter. Please throw + me + that book. His mother told + him + a story. He handed + me + the book. The pupils wished + their teacher + "Good morning." He denies + her + nothing.	Ⅳ-1a: 【Ⅳ 名名】I gave him a book. Verbs used with to.
SVOO-noun-noun:. make; buy; leave; order; do; spare; get	P19b. SVOO (noun) She made + herself + a cup of tea. Her father bought + her + a new dress. Buy + me + one. Did you leave + me + any? She ordered + herself + a new dress. Will you do + me + a favor? Can you spare + me + one? Can you get + me + a copy of that book?	Ⅳ-1b:【Ⅳ 名名】 Verbs used with for of P18a.
SVOO-noun-noun:. envy; forgive; save; stick; ask	P19c. SVOO (noun) I envy + you + your fine garden. Forgive + us + our sins. That will save + me + a great deal of trouble. I struck + him + a heavy blow. He asked + me + a question.	Ⅳ-1c:【Ⅳ 名名】 rarely convertible into P18
>Top 19. SVOO-noun-that-cl: Vt + Noun or Pronoun + that-clause tell; warn; satisfy; remind	P12. SVOO (that clause) I told + the man + (that) he was mistaken. I warned + you + (that) he would be late. We satisfied + ourselves + that the plan would work. Please remind + him + (that) he must be here early.	Ⅳ-2:【Ⅳ 名that節】John told Mary that she was pretty.
>Top 20. SVOO-noun-wh-cl: Vt + Noun or Pronoun + Conjunctive + to + Infinitive, etc. show; tell; advise	P14. SVOO (wh- clause) We showed + him + how + to do it. Please tell + me + which + to take. Can you advise + me + which + to buy? The patterns show + you + how + to make sentences. Tell + me + whether + to come or not. They told + him + when + to start. Tell + her + what + to do.	Ⅳ-3a:【Ⅳ 名wh節】John asked Mary whether she would like to come. Passive construction: 1) He was shown how to do it. 6) He was told when to start.
SVOO-noun-wh-cl: Vt + Noun or Pronoun + Conjunctive + Clause tell; ask; inform; advise	P16.　SVOO (wh- clause) Tell + me + what + it is. Ask + him + where + he put it. They asked + us + when + we should be back. Can you tell + me + who + high it is? Can you inform + me + when + the train leaves? Please advise + me + whether + the children should climb the mountain.	Ⅳ-3b:【Ⅳ 名wh節】
>Top 21. SVOC-noun-adj: Vt + Object + Adjective get; keep; make; find; paint; set; push; turn; wish	P7. SVOC (adj) Don't get + your clothes + dirty. The sun keeps + us + warm. Get + yourself + ready. Don't make + yourself + uneasy. I found + the box + empty. We painted + the door + green. They set + the prisoners + free. Can you push + the door + open? The cold weather turned + the leaves + red. He wished + himself + dead.	Ⅴ-1:【Ⅴ 名形】 John thought Mary pretty. 使役的な意味 (keep, make)と使役的でない (think, find)ものがある Passive construction: 5) The box was found empty. 6) The door was painted green. 7) The prisoners were set free.
>Top 22. SVOC-noun-as-adj:		V-2:【Ⅴ 名 as形】I regard it as unnecessary.
>Top 23. SVOC-noun-do:		V-3: 【Ⅴ 名 do】I saw him go out.
>Top 24. SVOC-noun-to-do:		V-4:【Ⅴ 名 to do】I told him to go out. (to be)が省略されれば、【Ⅴ 名名】【Ⅴ 名形】の型になる。
>Top 25. SVOC-noun-to-be:   Vt + Noun or Pronoun + (to be) + Complement believe; consider; think; prove	P4. SVOC (adj) They believed + him + (to be) + innocent. Do you consider + her + (to be) + honest? I consider + it + (to be) + a shame. Tom's teacher thinks + him + (to be) + the cleverest oy in the class. We proved + him + (to be) + wrong.	V-5: 【Ⅴ 名to be】I think John to be a fool. to beが省略されると【Ⅴ名名】【Ⅴ名形】になる。 Passive construction: 1) He was believed (to be) innocent. 2) Is she considered (to be) honest?
>Top 26. SVOC-noun-doing: Vt + Noun or Pronoun + Present Participle keep; find; leave; hear; watch; fee; smell; see	P6. SVOC (doing) He kept + me + waiting. I found + him + working at his desk. They left + me + standing outside. I heard + him + giving orders. We watched + the train + leaving the station. Do you feel + the house + shaking? Can you smell + something + burning? I saw + him + running off.	V-6: 【Ⅴ名do/名doing】I saw a dog running around. Passive construction: 1) I was kept waiting. 4) He was heard giving orders.
>Top 27. SVOC-noun-pp: Vt + Object + Past Participle get; have; hear; make	P9. SVOC (past participle) You must get + your hair + cut. Where did you have + them + printed? She had + a new dress + made. Have you ever heard + Italian + spoken? His actions made + him + respected. King Charles-I had + his head + cut off. The soldier had + two horses +shot under him.	V-7:【Ⅴ 名 過分】I found the house destroyed.
>Top 28. SVOC-noun-noun: Vt + Object + Noun elect; crown; choose; call; name; make	P8. SVOC (Noun) They elected + him + king. The people crowned + Richard + king. They chose + Mr. Smith + chairman. We call + the dog + "Spot." They named + their son + Henry. They made + Newton + President of the Royal Society. They called + them + cowards.	V-8: 【Ⅴ 名名】The Queen made him a knight. Passive construction: 1) He was elected king. 6) Newton was made President of the Royal Society.
>Top 29. SVOC-noun-as-noun:		V-9:【Ⅴ 名 as名】We regard the plan as a failure.

Re:

It is rather difficult to pick up idiomatic, realistic and simple example sentences. Honby's verbs patters seem unique rather than ordinal five patters of English grammar. The traditional five patters seem confusing because of many exceptions; why not to segment 25 patterns like Hornby.

いかにも特有で現実的かつ簡潔な例文を選ぶのは難しい。 ホーンビーの動詞パターンは通常の英文法の５文型に比べてユニークである。 伝統的に５文型は例外が多くあり混乱の元である。